Basic Understanding of the 3 Lines Principle
The 3 Lines principle is internationally known and applied. ‘Lines’ can be roughly translated as ‘layers’ in German. However, unlike the layering principle, it does not refer to individual clothing layers but rather to different layers of equipment. This principle serves as a rough guide until you can better assess what to pack where. At a certain point, the transitions can become fluid, especially with internal unit specializations that may alter the contents. Additionally, it makes a difference whether you are on a mission with infantry or quietly deployed as a reconnaissance team.
The goal is not to fill every pocket or just carry everything possible. The goal is to have equipment in case of an emergency that allows you to survive, help yourself, and thus endure.
(Film tip: Bravo Two Zero – Behind Enemy Lines)
Here is an example of the equipment a soldier can carry during a dismounted reconnaissance patrol or a similar mission.
1st Line – Essential Gear – Directly on the person in pants and jacket/smock
The 1st Line consists of operational clothing like pants and a smock. These are generally never taken off unless absolutely necessary. And if so, they are kept within easy reach (e.g., the smock can be used as a pillow when sleeping).
Inside the clothing are the essentials for survival, first aid, and navigating or escaping through terrain.
This includes items such as:
– Compass
– First Aid Kit
– Tourniquet
– Rain protection clothing
– Cold weather protection
– Spare socks
– Toilet paper
– Emergency ration
– Signal devices
– Drinking water (guide: 1L)
– Survival kit (fire, water purification, cooking)
– Sidearm (with magazines)
Depending on the mission, ballistic protection may also be part of the 1st Line.
2nd Line – Combat Equipment – In Chest Rig, Vest, Plate Carrier, Belt
Everything needed for engaging in combat is stored in the chest rig, vest, or similar gear. This line is usually only removed when necessary, or at least kept within reach.
The Daypack is normally stored inside the main backpack. If the large backpack is discarded for any reason, the daypack is added to the 2nd Line.
In the daypack, you will find items such as:
– Rations for 24h
– Cold weather protection
– Spare shirt
– Extra ammunition
– Spare batteries
– Drinking water (guide: 3L)
3rd Line – Additional Equipment and “Luxury Items” – In Daypack and Backpack
The 3rd Line consists of a backpack. The backpack is carried until you establish a cache from which you continue the mission with just the daypack. Or if the backpack becomes too cumbersome during evasion or escape.
The backpack contains items such as:
– Food for X days
– Water
– Tarp/tent
– Sleeping pad
– Sleeping bag
– Spare clothing
– Camouflage net
– Additional equipment
